Read H. D. Brown's Chapter 6 (Teaching by Principles) and then do the activity below:
The critical period, or as it is called in a lot of the studies, the CP
or CPH, which is just critical period hypothesis, is simply the idea
that there is actually an age. A CPH is just a theory about at what age
second language learning becomes more difficult. Now try to explain how important is age in learning a second laguage.
When it comes to learning something, it is always better to start sooner.The youngsters have less difficulty learning english If they have a basic knowledge in their first language, unless they learn it at the same time as the first one, which is possible, but less probable.
ResponderExcluirAs the years go by, people tend to create "knowledge roots" it makes harder to learn how to speak a L2, and may even cause some confusion when it comes to the rules. These "roots" are result of years of repeating the same sounds, reading words in the same way for a long.
It's not impossible for a older person to learn, it just might take some more time to "dig" these "roots" and plant new knowledge, specially when it comes to a language.
Segundo Brown, há grandes diferenças entre o processo de aquisição de uma segunda língua em crianças e em adultos.Para ele ,esta diferença reside principalmente no contraste entre a atenção da criança (espontânea) para as formas de linguagem e já nos adultos esta atenção às formas de linguagem acha-se de um jeito mais ostensivo.Ele também ressalta que isso não significa que os adultos obtenham menos sucesso em seus esforços,pois estudos ja têm mostrado que os adultos podem tambem ser superiores em um numero de aspectos.Conclui-se então,que a aprendizagem de uma segunda língua torna-se mais fácil no período da infância,o que não significa que adultos não consigam atingir um bom nível em uma L2,já que ,como citado acima,estes deteem de aspectos qualitativos em relação à aprendizagem.A diferença está apenas na duração do processo de aquisição da L2.
ResponderExcluirThe optimal age to learn a second language is always a good discussion, if we read a paper about it, we are going to have a point of view, if we read another, one more view, totally different. What I could ralize reading some different papers was that each age has its benefits and handcaps.
ResponderExcluirSo I think its not about the age, but about the method we use to learn or to teach.
We have to see wich method is more appropriate to each age, considering the strong points, like what each one has more facility on doing and their weaknesses as well. Children, teenagers or adults, it doesn't really matter, the teaching method is going to be the greatest asset.
the age isn't as important as the knowledge acquired, butin the most of cases if you are older you have more knowledge. I do believe that the children have to be stimulated to learn their language even if they attend the school, they have to know the letters, the sounds, etc. They have to learn what the parents can teach even if they know that these things will be theaching in school
ResponderExcluirBrown gives some tips about how to teach a second language for children,teens and adults. He also shows differences between their learning skills. According to him a children can internalize a second language with some ease, and they don't have so much attention to the form, they learn of a natural way. Adults worry so much about the form, and they don't learn naturally, but they have a superior intelligence what helps them to learn L2 with efficiency too. Teens are really complicated, they worry so much about their image near the others, and they have problems about their bodies and minds changes, at this age they are increasing their comprehension what makes them good learners too. We can conclude that there are diferences at lerning and teaching of young and adults leaners to acquire a L2 but there is not better age, in every age is possible to learn a second language with efficiency.
ResponderExcluirEm qualquer época da vida é possível aprender um segundo idioma. O que varia é a forma e a facilidade como se é aprendido.Na infância o ensino acontece de forma mais natural,pois esta é uma fase de absorção de conteúdos. É como se o cérebro fosse um computador vazio e à espera de informações para ser preenchido. Ou seja, quanto mais cedo melhor. Mas isso não quer dizer que pessoas com mais idade não possam aprender. O que acontece é que algumas características da língua materna são incluídas no aprendizado da segunda língua. Como o sotaque da língua materna, alguns sons que o aluno tem dificuldade de pronunciar... Mas com muito esforço e dedicação, em qualquer idade é possível se aprender uma nova língua.
ResponderExcluirI think so many children and adults are able to learn a second language.Difference is that children are more spontaneous and do not have a specific training as adults have, and this will hamper learning.
ResponderExcluirAccording with Brown children can learn a second language easier than a adult, because they are open for new informations and they learn as natural as play a game. But it does not mean that adults can not learn L2, they can, they just need to use the right way and method.
ResponderExcluirPeople at every age are able to learn a second language, the only difference are the ways and methods, younger students learn faster and naturally and older people need more effort, but they can reach the same goal.
ResponderExcluirMotivation is the great point to learn a second language, Brown show that there are so many diferents learing skills, and interestings between kids and adults, but primordial question is the motivation and the will of learner...
ResponderExcluirBased in the "input" that the theacher gives for his pupils, the garden is just going to encrease and grow up more and more...
ResponderExcluirI believe that age does not matter if the person really had to learn a second language ,in this case what really counts is the willpower and determination. But it is certain that in childhood there is a greater ease by which the child has a way to absorb the knowledge quite naturally.
ResponderExcluirEu acredito que o ser humano humano é capaz de aprender em qualquer idade.Porém, vai depender de como o assunto é inserido a ele.
ResponderExcluirIn child learning occurs spontaneously, as the child's brain is more malleable, giving it a greater ease of learning an L2, but this does not mean that an adult can not learn.
ResponderExcluirRaimundo José da silva Santos says: AS WE HAVE SEEN IN THIS CHAPTER IS THAT TO A PERSON LEARN A SECOND LANGUAGE THERE IS NO PROBLEM ABOUT AGE. EVEN ADULTS CAN LEARN A NEW VOCABULARY SOMETIMES BETTER THAT YOUNG ONES, BUT AS YOUNG AS BETTER. WHY? BECAUSE KIDS HAVE NO PROBLEM TO SOLVE, MANY THINGS TO CARE ABOUT ETC. THATS WHY SOMETIMES THEY MAY HAVE SOME DIFFICULTNESS.
ResponderExcluirThe gift that the children have to learn a new language is bigger than a adult because in this age they are still to be learning the phonemes, and so they can post in their mind sounds of another language of the same way that they learn a second language. In the case of the people who begin to learn a foreign language when are adults the difficult in to acquire a new phoneme is bigger than, cause their linguistic sounds are already formed. But this will not their prevent from learning a second language.
ResponderExcluirI think it's possible to learn a second language at any age. The most important point to achieve this is motivation. There are many theories, techniques and skills on how to learn an L2, then the first step is to be motivated.
ResponderExcluirA idade é um fator muito importante quando falamos em aprender algo novo. Devido a facilidade de assimilar conteúdos, associar pensamentos. Mas acredito que a motivação aliada ao prazer e a curiosidade podem sim ajudar a qualquer pessoa a aprender uma L2.
ResponderExcluirAll of us can learn a second language, but we have to agree that children have more abilities to learn, they learn fast cause they can internalized the both languages, and they can learn a large vocabulary . But the adults can learn too, so they have more difficult to internalized than the children, but in grammar they learn the concepts with less difficult. So with the children we need to stimulated all the five senses of them to has a good result.
ResponderExcluirAccording to Piaget there is a critical age for learning, for him that age is between 7 and 11 years, factors such as auditory acuity, phonological matrix formation, and lateritization of the brain can confirm this theory.
ResponderExcluirRaimundo Nonato: I think that when it treats about learning, the sooner the better, but I believe it is perfectly possible to learn another language after the called Critical Period. Adult age people find a little bit more hard to do so, because they have much more things to worry about and to do, but with some dedication, it won't be that hard.
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